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(* Astericus adponitur in his quae omissa sunt, ut inlu-
cescant per eam notam, quae deesse videntur. Stella
enim αστηρ dicitur Graeco sermone, a quo asteriscus
est derivatus.
— Obelus, id est, virgula iacens, adponitur in verbis vel
sententiis superflue iteratis, sive in his locis, ubi lectio
aliqua falsitate notata est, ut quasi sagitta iugulet) ‖
(col. a,, lines 1-2)superuacua atque falsa confodiat |
sagitta enim graece obolos dicitur |
***
***
(col. a, line 17)
Γ Paragrafus ponitur. ad separan|
das res a rebus quae in
conexu con|currunt quemadmodum in catalogo | loca a
locis. et regiones a regionibus | in agone praemia a
tur.
7 Positura est figura. paragrafo | contraria. et ideo sic
formata·quia
| sicut illa principia notat ita ista | fines a
principiis separat |
⨃ Crifia circuli pars inferior cum | puncto ‖ (col.b) poni-
tur in his locis ubi quaestio dura et abscura | aperiri uel
solui non potui
|
*** ***
(col. b, line 9)
> Diple. Hanc scriptores nost ⸢ ri ⸣ adponunt in libris |
ecclesiasticorum uirorum ad separanda uel ad | demon-
stranda testimonia scripturarum sanctarum
⋗ Diple peristicon Hanc primus logoras si ⸢ ra ⸣ cusanus |
posuit omericis uersibus ad separationem | olymp ⸢ h ⸣ i.
a caelo
[* The Asterisk is placed against [verse] which have been
omitted in order that what seems to be omitted may
shine forth. For in the Greek language a star is called
αστηρ, from which astericus is derived.
— The Obelus, that is a horizontal virgula, is placed
against words or sententiae repeated unnecessarily or
in those places where a reading is noted for its falsity so
that a kind of arrow may slit the throat of what is]
superfluous and penetrate to the vitals of what is false.
An arrow is called obelus in Greek.
*** ***
Γ The Paragraphus is placed. to seperate some things
from others wich are connected in a series as for
instance in a list when place is seperated from place. or
and event from different event
7 The positura is. the opposite shape to the paragraphus.
and for this reason is formed as such· that just as the
one marks beginnings so the other separates ends from
beginnings
⨃ The Cryphia the lower part of a circle with a point is
placed against those places where a hard and obscure
question cannot be opened up or solved
> The Diple Our scribes place this in books by writers of
the church to separate or indicate the testimony of
Holy Scripture.
⋗ The Diple peristicon Leogoras of Syracuse was the first
to place this alongside Homeric verses to distinguish
[Mount] Olympus. from heaven
In early copies of Isidore, like this one, the account of the ancient notae is accompanied by representations of the signs. The name 'positura' appears for the first time in Isidore, but the mark may be derived from the simplex ductus (see p. 12); it appears in numerous manuscripts as a punctuation symbol with the function specified by Isidore (cf. plates 6, 25, 42, 47). Several of the signs on this page continued to be used throughout the Middle Ages, and in some instances beyond. A form of the positura is found in manuscripts as late as the fifteenth century used at the end of a section of a text . Variants of the paragraphus § and § are still employed in printed books. The diple appears in various forms (plates 5, 11, 67), including a double mark which also appears in early printed books, where it is represented by raised or inverted comma marks. Subsequently it was placed within the page measure, where it became a punctuation sign to indicate passages of direct speech as well as quotations. The diple peristicon appears in some manuscripts from the early Middle Ages as a variant of the diple, but with the same function. The later history of the asterix, obelus and diple is discussed on pp. 27, 57-61.